Explorando el Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas: Un Análisis Semántico de la Percepción Estudiantil
Palabras clave:
Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP), educación superior, administración de empresas, percepciones estudiantiles, diferencial semánticoResumen
El estudio explora la percepción de estudiantes de administración de empresas sobre el Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP), metodología clave en educación superior para desarrollar habilidades como el pensamiento crítico y la resolución de problemas en contextos reales. Su importancia radica en la necesidad de formar profesionales capaces de enfrentar entornos empresariales dinámicos, aunque persisten vacíos en la comprensión de cómo los estudiantes internalizan sus componentes, especialmente en etapas iniciales de implementación. El objetivo fue analizar cómo los estudiantes estructuran semánticamente atributos esenciales del ABP (motivación, colaboración, comprensión, dificultad, autonomía, relevancia práctica, retroalimentación y satisfacción) mediante un diferencial semántico y análisis de clústeres. Participaron 37 estudiantes de primer semestre, evaluados con una escala bipolar de 7 puntos. Se calculó la distancia semántica (D de Osgood) para identificar agrupaciones. Los resultados revelaron dos clústeres: uno asociado a dimensiones individuales (autonomía, retroalimentación, satisfacción) y otro a desafíos contextuales (colaboración, dificultad, relevancia práctica). Las conclusiones enfatizan que el ABP empodera a los estudiantes, pero requiere equilibrar autonomía con apoyo docente, especialmente en etapas tempranas. La retroalimentación emerge como un pilar para mitigar percepciones de dificultad y fortalecer la conexión entre teoría y práctica. Se recomienda integrar estrategias graduales y habilidades blandas (comunicación, resolución de conflictos) para optimizar su implementación. El artículo subraya la necesidad de adaptar el ABP a las necesidades cognitivas y emocionales de los estudiantes, asegurando su efectividad en la formación de administradores innovadores.
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